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AMENEMHAT I
Son of Senusret and Nefret. He is first attested as vizier
of Mentuhotep IV of Dynasty 11 and must be identical to the
founder of Dynasty 12, although it is not clear if he came to the
throne peacefully or as a result of a coup d’état. Amenemhat I
proved a strong and effective ruler, establishing a new capital at
Itjtawy, now Lisht in the Fayum. He began the campaign of conquest
of Nubia and also built a series of fortifications along Egypt’s
Sinai border known as the Walls of the Ruler. He apparently installed
his son Senusret I as coregent, although this has been
doubted by some Egyptologists. Amenemhat I was assassinated after
30 years of rule in an apparent palace conspiracy that was later
crushed by his son. He was buried in a pyramid complex at Lisht.
A wisdom text in his name, The Instruction of Amenemhat I, was
composed after his death, presumably during his son’s reign. See
also INTEFYOKER; KHETY; SINUHE.
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