EGYPT LANDMARKS

9:52 PM | Posted by Massra

NAPATA. First capital of the later kingdom of Kush in Nubia. The site

is 30 kilometers south of the Second Cataract and appears to have

been initially occupied during the New Kingdom. Following the

Egyptian withdrawal, a Nubian kingdom centered on Napata developed

and under Kashta and Piye, and finally Shabaqo conquered

Egypt as Dynasty 25 or the Napatan Dynasty. The area includes the

royal cemeteries at el-Kurru and Nuri and the holy mountain of Gebel

Barkal with its temple to Amun. The capital of the kingdom was

eventually transferred to the site of Meroe.

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9:44 PM | Posted by Massra

HYKSOS. The Greek form of the Egyptian Heka Khasut, “ruler of foreign

lands.” This title was used by the Egyptians for the various Asiatic

chieftains in Palestine and Syria. The later derivation of “shepherd

kings” is erroneous. The Egyptians were always wary of Asiatic

encroachment, and during Dynasty 12 Amenemhat I built a wall to

exclude unwanted Asiatics. Nevertheless, some immigration was permitted

as an Asiatic settlement grew up around Avaris, and Asiatic

travelers are depicted at Beni Hasan. During the Second Intermediate

Period, large numbers of Asiatics settled in Egypt and eventually

took over most of the country, founding the Hyksos Dynasty 15 and

adopting many of the attributes of Egyptian rulers. Thebes apparently

became a vassal state but ultimately rebelled and succeeded in

capturing the Hyksos capital at Avaris and driving them from Egypt

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9:36 PM | Posted by Massra

HEMIUNU (fl. 2600-2560 BC). Egyptian prince of the Old Kingdom.

Probably identified with a like-named son of Nefermaat. He served

as vizier under Khufu. He was buried in a mastaba tomb at Giza. It

is speculated that he may have been in charge of the construction of

the Great Pyramid. A statue from his tomb is now housed in the

Pelizaeus Museum in Hildesheim, Germany

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9:30 PM | Posted by Massra

HAWARA. Modern name for the area in the Fayum where the pyramid

complex of Amenemhat III of Dynasty 12 was built. The remains

of the mortuary temple were later identified by the Greeks as

the Labyrinth. The area was excavated by Flinders Petrie from

1888–1889 and in 1911, when in a cemetery close to the complex he

discovered pits from the Roman Period that contained many burials

with finely painted mummy portraits. In 1955–1956, an Egyptian

expedition uncovered the intact burial of Princess Nefruptah, daughter

of the king.

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9:22 PM | Posted by Massra

HATNUB. Site in the Eastern Desert used as a quarry for Egyptian alabaster

from the Early Dynastic Period to the Roman Period. See

also AKORIS; GEBEL EL-HARIDI; GEBEL EL-SILSILA; MONS

CLAUDIANUS; MONS PORPHYRITES; SERABIT EL-KHADIM;

WADI EL-HUDI; WADI MAGHARA; WADI HAMMAMAT

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9:15 PM | Posted by Massra

HATHOR. Egyptian goddess of sexual love and music. She was originally

the mother of the sky god Horus and so mother of the king who

was identified with Horus. She was later regarded as the daughter of

Re and wife of Horus. She is depicted as a cow or human figure with

the ears of a cow or wearing a crown with the horns of a cow. Her

principal place of worship was Dendera, but she also had connections

with such desert and foreign areas as Serabit el-Khadim,

where she was worshipped as the lady of turquoise. She is also associated

as a protective deity with the necropolis area of Thebes

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9:01 PM | Posted by Massra

GEB. Egyptian god of the earth. Son of Shu and Tefnut, husband of the

sky goddess Nut, and father of Osiris, Isis, Seth, and Nephthys. According

to legend, Geb and Nut were separated in the act of sexual

union, and he can be depicted lying flat as the earth with the overvaulting

Nut as the sky

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9:00 PM | Posted by Massra

HARRIS PAPYRUS. Also known as Great Harris Papyrus or Papyrus

Harris I. It was acquired by collector Anthony Charles Harris

(1790–1869) from illicit excavations at Thebes in 1855, possibly at

Deir el-Medina. It is an account written during the reign of

Ramesses IV of the state of Egypt and its temples during the reign

of his father, Ramesses III, which the new king inherited. A historical

summary describes in general terms the rise of Dynasty 20 under

his grandfather, Sethnakhte. The papyrus is now housed in the

British Museum

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8:52 PM | Posted by Massra

SARAPIS. Egyptian god prominent during the Graeco-Roman Period.

The name seems to have been derived from Osiris Apis, the deceased

form of the Apis bull worshipped at Memphis. The deity was

adopted by Ptolemy I and depicted with Greek features as a bearded

man similar to the Greek god Zeus but with attributes derived from

other Greek gods, like Dionysius and Aesculapius. Sarapis was promoted

to the head of the Egyptian pantheon and considered the husband

of Isis. He was regarded as a god of fertility and healing

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8:44 PM | Posted by Massra

SAKHMET. Egyptian goddess. Daughter of the sun god Re and wife

of the god Ptah of Memphis. She is usually depicted as a lionessheaded

human figure. She was regarded as fierce and bloodthirsty

and a destroyer of the king’s enemies, but she also had a healing

aspect. In Thebes she was identified with the goddess Mut, and

her statues were erected in the temple of Mut in the city

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2:36 PM | Posted by Mostafa Gad

Hurghada

Sharm el sheikh

The Luxor

Aswan

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