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ABYDOS
ABYDOS. Greek name for the sacred city of Abdju in Upper Egypt
and burial place of Osiris, god of the dead, located south of modern
Sohag. The kings of Dynasty 0, Dynasty 1, and Dynasty 2 were
buried there at the site now known as Umm el-Qaab. The local god,
Kentiamentiu, became identified with Osiris, who was believed to be
buried there. In the Middle Kingdom, with the growth in worship of
Osiris, the site became a place of pilgrimage and a desirable location
for burial. In the New Kingdom, temples were erected by Sety I and
Ramesses II, as well as a cenotaph for Osiris, the Osireion.
The area was excavated by French archaeologists Auguste Mariette
in the 1850s and Émile Amélineau in 1894–1998. The Egypt Exploration
Fund worked here under Flinders Petrie and later other
archaeologists in 1899–1904, 1909–1914, and 1925–1930, and also
sponsored the copying of the temple of Sety I since 1928. Another
British archaeologist, John Garstang, was active in 1907. Excavations
have been carried out by an American expedition from Yale
University and the University of Pennsylvania since 1967, German
archaeologists in the archaic cemetery since 1977, and an American
team from the University of Michigan in the Old Kingdom cemetery
since 1995. See also AHA; ANEDJIB; DEN; DJER; DJET;
NARMER; QAA; SEMERKHET.
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