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Showing posts with label Landmarks. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Landmarks. Show all posts
Ibn Tulun Mosque
Manesterly Palace
Manesterly Palace ancient palace is an architectural masterpiece built on an area of 1000 meter on the island of Rawda, Cairo Is the remnant of a building construction has created Hassan Fouad Pasha Manesterly In (1851 / 1267 e), which is due to the home Manstr Macedonia The Egyptian government seized the palace in 1951 as the impact the historical and renovated and restored, and the palace now hosts major cultural festivals. And held by the concerts, and there is a museum by the singer Umm Kulthum Egypt also receives guests from around the world
BUTO
Buto (Tell el-Fara’un) A site south of TANIS in the
Delta, the capital of Lower Egypt in Predynastic times
called Pe, or Per-Wadjet, the House of WADJET, predynastic
tombs and some dating to the First Dynasty
(2900–2770 B.C.E.) were discovered in Buto, which
remained popular as the seat of power for the legendary
kings of Egypt’s Prehistoric Period (before 3000 B.C.E.).
In all main, festivals these rulers were portrayed as
the SOULS OF PE in Lower Egypt, and as the SOULS
OF NEKHEN (HIERAKONPOLIS) of Upper Egypt. These
legendary kings greeted each new claimant to the
throne during the coronation rituals and were called
upon to serve as the guardians of the land in each new
generation.
Buto was divided into Pe and Dep. Three mounds
remain on the site, two from the town and one a ruined
temple. RAMESSES II (r. 1290–1224 B.C.E.) donated various
objects as offerings, and SHOSHENQ V (r. 773–735 B.C.E.)
erected a stela there. The ruined mounds provide the
modern name of Buto, Tell el-Fara’un, “the Mound of the pharaohs.
Delta, the capital of Lower Egypt in Predynastic times
called Pe, or Per-Wadjet, the House of WADJET, predynastic
tombs and some dating to the First Dynasty
(2900–2770 B.C.E.) were discovered in Buto, which
remained popular as the seat of power for the legendary
kings of Egypt’s Prehistoric Period (before 3000 B.C.E.).
In all main, festivals these rulers were portrayed as
the SOULS OF PE in Lower Egypt, and as the SOULS
OF NEKHEN (HIERAKONPOLIS) of Upper Egypt. These
legendary kings greeted each new claimant to the
throne during the coronation rituals and were called
upon to serve as the guardians of the land in each new
generation.
Buto was divided into Pe and Dep. Three mounds
remain on the site, two from the town and one a ruined
temple. RAMESSES II (r. 1290–1224 B.C.E.) donated various
objects as offerings, and SHOSHENQ V (r. 773–735 B.C.E.)
erected a stela there. The ruined mounds provide the
Aswan
the territories below the cataract, as viceroys of NUBIA (modern Sudan) used the ELEPHANTINE Island at Aswan as a residence in some reigns. The area is famous for red
granite, called syrenite. Settlements at Aswan date to predynastic times,
before the unification c. 3000 B.C.E. The tombs at Aswan include Sixth Dynasty (2323–2150 B.C.E.) sites. Of particular note are the tombs of Mekhu and SABNI. Mekhu died
south of Aswan, and his son, Sabni, recovered the body and brought it to Egypt for burial. PEPI II (r. 2246–2152 B.C.E.) gave mortuary gifts for the tomb, which contains rock pillared chambers and frescoes. HARKHUF, the faithful servant of Pepi II, is also buried there. The Middle Kingdom (2040–1640 B.C.E.) tombs of local nomarchs are also in the Aswan necropolis, most designated with long passages and ornamented with frescoes and reliefs.
The temple of KHNUM at Aswan and SATET’s temple demonstrate the ongoing concern of Egypt’s rulers for the city. The goddess Satet’s temple was erected by HATSHEPSUT
(r. 1473–1458 B.C.E.), who had reliefs and a granite niche installed. The temple of Khnum has additions made by RAMESSES II (r. 1290–1224 B.C.E.) and NECTANEBO
II (r. 360–343 B.C.E.). PHILAE’s temple, which was moved to the island of Agilkia to save it from the inundation caused by the High Aswan Dam, was supervised
from the city. In cultic terms, Aswan was the abode of the deities Khnum, Satet, and ANUKIS. The Nile god, HAPI (1), resided in a cave in the region, and one site was reserved,.as the grave of osiris.
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Landmarks In Egypt (1) Cairo DownTown
There Are Many Landmarks in Egypt i will put it sequential
Cairo DownTown:
the downtown area of Cairo, covering the districts: Cairo Downtown - Almosqui - Caliph - Mukattam - Zainab. One of the oldest districts of Cairo was built by Khedive Ismail at the opening of the Suez Canal to be the interface of a honorable and Egypt have been planned and designed with the latest European styles of architecture and lighting were introduced in the streets before it enters the streets of Paris
Crocodilopolis
Crocodilopolis An ancient Egyptian site, originally
called Shedet, then Arsinoe, and now Medinet el-Faiyum.
A tradition states that AHA (Menes; 2920 B.C.E.) founded
Crocodilopolis. The city served as the capital of the
FAIYUM and was the cultic center for the crocodile deity
SOBEK. An agricultural center watered by the BAHR YUSEF
(the Joseph River, honoring a local hero of Islam), the
city also had a shrine honoring the goddess RENENET. A
temple discovered on this site dates to the reign of AMENEMHET
III (1844–1797 B.C.E.), but it was probably finished
by him, having been started by SENWOSRET I (r.
1971–1926 B.C.E.). There is some speculation that the red
granite OBELISK at ABGIG was once part of this temple.
RAMESSES II (r. 1290–1224 B.C.E.) restored the temple of
Sobek. During the Ptolemaic Period (304–30 B.C.E.), the
city was named for Queen ARSINOE and served as an
important cultic center for Sobek. Visitors to the city fed
crocodiles nurtured there. There were various mines in
the area of Crocodilopolis, exploited throughout Egypt’s
history. The site also had a sacred lake and baths
Abu Ghurob
Abu Ghurob A site north of ABUSIR and south of GIZA,
containing two sun temples dating to the Fifth Dynasty
(2465–2323 B.C.E.). The better preserved temple is the
northern one, erected by NIUSERRÉ Izi (r. 2416–2392
B.C.E.), and dedicated to RÉ, the solar deity of HELIOPOLIS.
An OBELISK was once part of the site, and inscriptions of
the royal HEB-SED ceremonies honoring the ruler’s threedecade
reign were removed from the site in the past. The
temple has a causeway, vestibule, and a large courtyard
for sacrifices. A chapel and a “Chamber of the Seasons”
are also part of the complex, and the remains of a SOLAR
BOAT, made of brick, were also found. The complex was
once called “the Pyramid of Righa.” The sun temple of
USERKHAF (r. 2465–2458 B.C.E.) is also in Abu Ghurob.
but is in ruins.
NAQADA.
NAQADA. Modern name for ancient Nubt, Greek Ombos. A site in Upper Egypt north of Thebes where important remains from the late Predynastic Period were excavated by Flinders Petrie in 1895. The name is now used to denote the final phase of predynastic culture, divided into the periods Naqada I (c. 3900–3600 BC); Naqada II (c. 3600–3200 BC), which is best attested by its painted designs on pottery; and Naqada III (c. 3200–3100 BC), when the elements of kingship (Dynasty 0) and writing are first discernible. See also ADAIMA; GERZEH; KAFR HASSAN DAOUD; MINSHAT ABU OMAR; TELL EL-FARKHA; TELL IBRAHIM AWAD.Modern egyptian landmarks
The Modern Landmarks in egypt:
- Giza Zoo:
- The Andalus Garden:
- The Orman Gardeners :
- Cairo Tower:
- The Subway:
HAWARA.
HAWARA. Modern name for the area in the Fayum where the pyramid
complex of Amenemhat III of Dynasty 12 was built. The remains
of the mortuary temple were later identified by the Greeks as
the Labyrinth. The area was excavated by Flinders Petrie from
1888–1889 and in 1911, when in a cemetery close to the complex he
discovered pits from the Roman Period that contained many burials
with finely painted mummy portraits. In 1955–1956, an Egyptian
expedition uncovered the intact burial of Princess Nefruptah, daughter
of the king.
SARAPIS.
SARAPIS. Egyptian god prominent during the Graeco-Roman Period.
The name seems to have been derived from Osiris Apis, the deceased
form of the Apis bull worshipped at Memphis. The deity was
adopted by Ptolemy I and depicted with Greek features as a bearded
man similar to the Greek god Zeus but with attributes derived from
other Greek gods, like Dionysius and Aesculapius. Sarapis was promoted
to the head of the Egyptian pantheon and considered the husband
of Isis. He was regarded as a god of fertility and healing
SAKHMET
of the god Ptah of Memphis. She is usually depicted as a lionessheaded
human figure. She was regarded as fierce and bloodthirsty
and a destroyer of the king’s enemies, but she also had a healing
aspect. In Thebes she was identified with the goddess Mut, and
her statues were erected in the temple of Mut in the city
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EDFU.
EDFU. Modern name for a site on the west bank of the Nile in the second
nome of Upper Egypt, halfway between Thebes and Elephantine
(Aswan), ancient Egyptian Djeba, Greek Apollonopolis Magna,
where a major temple dedicated to the god Horus, which was rebuilt
DENDERA.
DENDERA. Modern name for the Egyptian city of Iunet, later known
as Tentyris in Greek, capital of the sixth nome of Upper Egypt. The
site is known from the Early Dynastic Period, and there are tombs
from the First Intermediate Period, when the regional rulers were
semi-independent. Its main feature is the magnificent Graeco-Roman
temple dedicated to the goddess Hathor, from which came the famous
Dendera zodiac now in the Louvre Museum. The site was excavated
by Flinders Petrie from 1897–1898 and the University of
Pennsylvania from 1915–1918. The temple inscriptions are being
published by a French expedition. See
DEIR EL-BAHRI.
bank of the Nile opposite Thebes. It was apparently first used to construct
the tomb and mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II of Dynasty
11 and the tombs of his successors, as well as the chief officials of the
court. During Dynasty 18 it was chosen as the site of the mortuary
temple of Queen Hatshepsut, the building of which was supervised
by her official, Senenmut. The temple is well preserved and is famous
for its reliefs of the expedition to Punt and the transportation
of an obelisk. Next to Deir el-Bahri a mortuary temple was constructed
by Thutmose III, but this shrine has been largely destroyed
by an earthquake, leaving only a pillared hall with Hathor capitals
and a chapel. The site became a Coptic monastery during the Christian
period but was later abandoned.
Deir el-Bahri was first excavated by Auguste Mariette in 1850,
1862, and 1866. Major excavations were undertaken in the Hatshepsut
temple from 1893–1896 and the Mentuhotep II temple from
1903–1907 by a British expedition of the Egypt Exploration Fund.
Further work in the area was carried out by Herbert Winlock of the
Metropolitan Museum of Art from 1911–1931. The Mentuhotep II
temple was reexamined by a German expedition from 1965–1972,
and the Hatshepsut temple has been the subject of excavation and
DAHSHUR.
DAHSHUR. Modern name for the area south of Saqqara where several
royal tombs from Dynasty 4, Dynasty 12, and Dynasty 13 are
located. Two pyramids, the Bent and the Red, are assigned to Snefru
and were the first built as true pyramids from the start. The pyramids
of Amenemhat II, Senusret III, and Amenemhat III are also
located here, as well as the tombs of queens and princesses from
which much fine jewelry has been excavated. The tomb of King Hor
of Dynasty 13 has also been discovered. The area was excavated by
the French from 1894–1895; the Egyptians under Ahmad Fakhry
from 1951–1955; and the German Archaeological Institute, later
taken over by the Metropolitan Museum of Art beginning in 1980,
CHRONOLOGY
CHRONOLOGY. The ancient Egyptian calendar consisted of a year of
360 days divided into the three seasons akhet (flood), peret (sowing)
and shemu (harvest), plus five extra days at the end of the year. Each
season was comprised of four months of 30 days and was in turn divided
into three weeks of 10 days of 24 hours split between night and
day. Because the calendar did not include the extra one-quarter day
of the earth’s rotation, the civil calendar gradually diverged from the
solar year so that the months moved, and the two only harmonized
briefly every 1,460 years. The solar year was measured from the annual
rising of the star Sirius, which becomes visible around July of
each year in the modern calendar.
A third calendar used for administrative purposes was the regnal
year initially based on the biennial cattle count during the Old Kingdom
and from the Middle Kingdom onward the king’s actual years,
although his first year was foreshortened, so the beginning of his second
might coincide with the beginning of the civil year. This practice
was abandoned during the New Kingdom when the full regnal year was
dated from the king’s accession, but calculation of the regnal year reverted
to the old system during the Late Period. Thus three different
dating systems—solar, civil, and regnal—were used during the New
Kingdom.
The conversion of Egyptian dates to the modern Julian calendar is
not exact. Dating from the Late Period is fixed by synchronisms
with Assyrian, Persian, Greek, and Roman dating systems. It is
known that the solar and civil calendars coincided in 139 AD, thus
the previous coincidence would have occurred 1,460 years earlier—
the period being known as a Sothic cycle—but the use of astronomical
references to the rising of the star Sirius are too unclear to be of
use. The most effective method for determining chronology is
through use of the detailed king lists known from such documents as
CANOPIC JARS.
CANOPIC JARS. Modern term for the four jars in which the soft internal
tissues of the deceased were stored after the mummification of
the body. Canopic chests in which packages of these organs—the
liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines—were placed are known from
the early Old Kingdom, but actual jars with ovoid lids appeared
slightly later. By the Middle Kingdom, the set of jars dedicated to
the four sons of Horus had evolved. The jars were all originally human-
headed, but by the New Kingdom they bore separate heads—
human, baboon, jackal, and hawk. From Dynasty 21 onward, the internal
organs were wrapped in packages and placed in the body, but
the funerary equipment continued to include dummy canopic jars.
The use of actual jars was revived in Dynasty 26. The term canopic
derives from confusion with Canopus, a deity depicted as a humanheaded
jar during the Graeco-Roman Period
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